Literature Review Aphra Behn s 1688 And Couto s ...

As it stands in our modern age, both the general public at large and scholars within all factions of academia have acknowledged the horrific documented abuses perpetrated by colonial powers from the Age of Exploration to the present day. Similarly, the mechanics behind the oppression of women have been exhaustively researched and debated over. However, if one is to analyze and compare literature born out of the height of the colonial age, and literature released within our own lifetime, they may actually arguably find very little difference in how they characterize women; in particular, there seems to still be a racial element of subjugation, whether intentional or not. By examining the dynamics between the feminine ‘natural’ and the masculine ‘human’ in Aphra Behn’s 1688 novel ‘Oroonoko’ and Couto’s ‘The Tuner of Silences’, published in 2009, I will argue how men and women are constructed differently in the literary s ense as not only as natural beings, but also as inhabiting natural assumed roles in relation to one another and the ecology they are a part of. Specifically, these texts illuminate the striking similarity between the human cultural imposition on natural spaces, and the masculine imposition and domination of female identities. I will demonstrate how the European woman, present in both of these texts, negotiates and holds a unique place of rank within not only the colonial framework, but also within the gendered ecology of human civilization, and as such serves

Social Carrying Capacity - 2559 Words

Social Carrying Capacity The use of parks and protected areas by visitors creates concern about appropriate levels of use because there are limits that define how much pressure from outside forces an ecosystem can endure before it experiences degradation, and there are thresholds that define visitor experiences. When researchers, park authorities, and policy makers are trying to determine appropriate usage levels of specific areas, they frequently rely on the rationale of carrying capacity, including social carrying capacity, which â€Å"focuses on the relationships among users of a park or protected area† (Dearden Rollins). Prior to determining the carrying capacity of a specific area, it is important to define carrying capacity. Prior†¦show more content†¦For example, what amount of visitor use of a specific area should be allowed, regardless of the ecological impact, before overcrowding is considered to have occurred and management intervention is needed? The optimum approach to social carrying capacity management mirrors Shelby and Heberlein’s (1986) method for both ecological and social carrying capacity: †¢ Specify management parameters for a specific area †¢ Specify impact parameters relevant to that area; and †¢ Collect data at regular intervals to describe the current situation Appropriate management includes defining the type of visitor experience to be made available and then monitoring the situation to measure if acceptable conditions have been achieved (Graefe et al., 1990). For example, a park or protected area may have an objective that includes social conditions, such as providing visitors with seclusion. This qualitative objective is beneficial, but it is ambiguous; therefore, it fails to provide management with what constitutes â€Å"providing visitors with seclusion,† and how is â€Å"seclusion† measured? The number of encounters with other people while in a given area could be a suitable indicator of seclusion; therefore, research involving the number of encounters with other people could determine if an area is â€Å"providing visitors with seclusion.† ForShow MoreRelatedDifficulty Of Measuring Social Carrying Capacity2153 Words   |  9 Pages Difficulty in Measuring Social Carrying Capacity Course name number Student name ID number Difficulty in Measuring Social Carrying Capacity Introduction The growing interest in sustainable development in the tourism industry has accelerated the experts’ concern about the social and biophysical effects of tourism. In this context, the carrying capacity is deemed to evaluate how the tourism development sustains local communities and their cultural and environmental circumstanceRead MoreDifficulty Of Measuring Social Carrying Capacity2139 Words   |  9 PagesDifficulty in Measuring Social Carrying Capacity  Introduction The growing interest in sustainable development in the tourism industry has accelerated the experts’ concern about the social and biophysical effects of tourism. In this context, the carrying capacity is deemed to evaluate how the tourism development sustains local communities and their cultural and environmental circumstance at a specific tourism site. This evaluation is getting more and more importance, as the researchers, or perhapsRead MoreOverpopulation and the Carrying Capacity of the Earth Essay examples983 Words   |  4 PagesOverpopulation and the Carrying Capacity of the Earth As humans start a new millennium, we have close to 4 billion more than we had at the beginning of the last millennium. In the next 50 years we are looking at adding another 3 billion people. Such a rapid increase has placed great strains on the Earth and leads us to ask – how many people can the earth support? The answer is rather obscure, however it seems like we are approaching our limit rather soon. With decreasing aquifers, shortagesRead MoreWhy Overpopulation Is A Major Issue1653 Words   |  7 Pagesworld’s carrying capacity? Before we can try to answer that, we need to understand what carrying capacity is, according to the Merriam-Webster: Dictionary it is the maximum number of individuals of a species that can exist in a habitat indefinitely without threatening other species in that habitat (â€Å"Carrying Capacity†). Some might try to say that technically, by that definition we have already reached out carrying capacity in some parts of the world. We might not truly know the carrying capacity of theRead MoreHuman Overpopulation1505 Words   |  7 Pagesas well as an interpretation of how this could connect to our society as human beings. He suggested that the constant interaction between the mice could have been a probable cause for the increase in violence in the society. With the regulation of social interaction being done to reduce the amount a rat makes contact with another, there was a decrease in the effects of the population boom. The author would then inquire: â€Å"...is our own version of Universe 25 right around the corner? No, says Dr. CalhounRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Foremost Challenge That Humans Face Today1431 Words   |  6 Pages on the other hand, disagrees. He uses scientific explanation to anticipate that all living beings on earth are under torment as they die off due to erosion of fundamental natural resources such as food and water. Next, Alon Tal argues that carrying capacity will be at a standstil l as the population continues to rise, so we need to prepare ourselves for overpopulation. Finally, Joel Kotkin claims that an exiguous amount of babies will cause economic hardship, which will, in turn, cause the economicRead MoreA Common Fear Of Population Growth1425 Words   |  6 PagesIt’s a common fear that population growth will exhaust resources and result in social or economic disaster if it is not controlled. It is anticipated that most of the projected population growth during this century will take place in developing nations. These countries have faced many challenges in recent years, including low levels of education, poor health standards, scarcity, limited housing, natural resource exhaustion, strife, and monetary and governmental command by other countries. In placesRead MoreTaking a Look at Overpopulation877 Words   |  4 Pagestheir life boat at carrying capacity, nations in Africa have no way of limiting people from reproducing. World bank In the control of population growth nations and governments can do a lot, but it then all depends on the people. The () journal notes the following ways of reducing or controlling population positively. Education is the first step. Educate people on family planning and the dire consequences of not controlling there reproduction. We should also review all of our social, political andRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Major Challenge That Humans Face Today1199 Words   |  5 Pagesoff due to: erosion of natural resources, mainly food, and water. Next, Joel Kotkin claims that an exiguous amount of babies will cause a little economy, which will, in turn, cause the annihilation of the earth. Finally, Alon Tal argues that, carrying capacity will bloat as the population rises. So by going through everyone’s claims, there should be a concern about overpopulation. In† Overpopulation is Not the Problem,† Erle C. Ellis makes the claim that, humans are always adapting to population growthRead MoreTourism Is A Field Of Human Activity Essay2385 Words   |  10 Pagesresponse to this activity†. OBJECTIVES OF THE ESSAY 1-To study the concept of carrying capacity purely from a tourism and hospitality prepsective. 2- Identyfying one destination and and a carying capacity and finding out its relevance to he destination 3- Highlighting the difficulties in measuring the carrying capacity faced in the choosen destination. 4- Finding out methods used by researchers in measuring the carrying capacity 5-Relating the interpretations of the study to choosen destination of choice

Recent Trends in Malware

Question: Discuss about theRecent Trends in Malware. Answer: Introduction Malware is defined as any software that interrupts normal operations of a computer, collect some or all sensitive information and get access to individuals computer systems or display unrequired advertising. Malware propagation work like parasites that get attached to some or all existing user content especially the executable ones. These fragments may be codes generated in the machine in machine-readable formats and infect some of the existing application, system program or the booting codes of a computer system. Malware may be secret, designed to steal specific information or to spy on users for some period without their consent like Regin. It may be designed to destroy or weaken like Stuxnet or to implore monetary gain like Crypto Locker. It is, therefore, is an umbrella term to describe hostile or intrusive software (Stallings, 2012). Over the years, malware has been developing in different ways which hinder information security. This study will focus on the recent trends in malw are. There are three most common malware in the world today. First is the Citadel Trojan. It is the most discussed malware and has its roots from the Zeus lineage of malware. Citadel Trojan was rediscovered in 2013 with a feature of how it localizes the credentials it gather from victims to appear like its own. Attackers now use mobile malware especially through means of collecting applications to spread this malware (Edwards, 2007). Google Play Store and App Store from Apple have tried but often fail to completely check what is offered. SMS is another way used to spread Citadel Trojan. Attackers often send spam SMS to individuals through a click-through and should one click on the SMS, the computer automatically get infected by the malware. It is, therefore, important to make sure the sender is known before clicking on any SMS received. Also, before getting and installing any application, it is prudent that it is thoroughly scanned for any malware that may be attached to it. Another malware is Uapush.A. It is most common in Android pieces. It works through the backdoor. It affects backdoor apps, sends quality SMS to the user then get information from infected devices. It works using unethical marketing and spam. It, however, has lower effects on gaining access to users personal information like other malware and in destroying the device (Stalmans and Irwin, 2011). This fact should however not lead to ignorance, and all computer users should be on the lookout to destroy this form of malware. Thirdly is the ObadH or Backdoor AndroidOS Obad.a. It is also an Android malware and is debated to be the most violent. It sends SMS without the user consent and shows sophistications similar to malware common on a Windows operating system (Stalmans and Irwin, 2011). Apart from abusing the SMS feature, it also downloads other forms of malware which can then be distributed to other neighboring devices through applications like Bluetooth. It can also perform some command based activities remotely thus making it the most dangerous malware. ObadH takes the administrator privileges which means users have to take some responsibilities which may include; users who do not root their phones should not give the malware privileges to proceed past the point device administrator while those who root their phones should not give obadH total root privileges. There are four malware trends IT professionals should look out for since they impact both organizations and individuals (Engin 2015). First, malware has become increasingly aggressive and evasive over the years. Evasive Malware like odadH fails traditional security technologies like sandboxes and signature-based security systems. IT professionals have already observed a trend towards the development of more sophisticated and devious malware behavior. Traditionally, these devious movements are bringing the shift from static to dynamic malware analysis. This is making malware writers focused more on making malware resistant to the dynamic analysis. People should now be looking for automated detection of a devious behavior of malware to help reduce the damage already caused. Secondly, there is the vulnerability of two-factor authentication (Engin 2015). A smartphone is the user's secure devices which give them the ability to offer certain credentials to access some services like email, banking, and photo sharing. This makes malware attacks difficult as they provide an obstacle to access the apps on mobile devices in protected format. It is possible especially for malware creators to compromise two-factor authentication for smartphones just like in laptops and desktop since they have similar computing platforms. More people should, therefore, adopt two-factor authentication since they are always difficult in the long run to completely overcome them even by malware creators. Widespread adoption of two-factor authentication should be the talk in the current situation. Thirdly, there is the risk of targeted attacks leading to customized mass exploitations. For attackers to identify victims, they require more manual work and come up with tactics that the users are not able to easily identity. They, therefore, have to come up with customized tactics to attack identified victims (Engin 2015). Malware developers are however bound to discover these steps and therefore automate them which then will bring targeted attacks to opportunistic attacks. Attackers will then compromise victims with little or no manual work which will hinder security of signature updates and manual works. The security team should, therefore, automate their activities to keep up with the recent changes since the attackers are becoming more sophisticated. Newer methods of information security should be adopted in all units in every organization. Lastly, there are increased consumer and enterprise data leaks through cloud applications (Engin 2015). Currently, there is more dependence on cloud services today than before. Due to more information on the cloud, attackers are getting more aimed in the cloud than any other platforms. There should be me more awareness on the negative effect of providing their personal information and commercial data on the cloud such as security breaches which widens the security gap of the cloud. It is possible that the cloud breaches may go unnoticed for a long time and therefore may end up not reported and corrected. As users of the cloud, ensure that the day posted therein are well protected and that not all data posted especially personal data since you never know who sees the data in the cloud. Malware affect organizations and individuals in their day to day life. There is, therefore, need to mitigate the effects they cause using anti-malware software. On-access or real-time scanners should be installed into the operating system. This software functions in a similar way to how the malware attempt to function but with the users knowledge. The scanner checks any file when operating system access it to check if it is malware free. If the scanner identifies the file as malware, the operation is stopped immediately, and the user is notified. This help stops malware from performing any operations before they occur Anti-malware work by either providing real-time protection by scanning incoming data and scanning any threat that may be attached to it during installation onto the computer. This, therefore, prevents any malware from entering the computer the same way antivirus works. It then blocks the threat completely giving no room for installation. Anti-malware can also work by detecting already installed malware and to remove it. This is done by scanning the whole computer system to check if there is any malware present in the Windows registry or the operating system. The user then chooses the files that are to be deleted, match them with the well-known malware then delete those that qualify to be malware. In addition to the above, with the adoption of online usage by a large number of people on the planet, malware developers are at a point where they are bound to introduce this malicious software in areas where no one can ever think of or consider. People should be on the lookout as they take their own connected devices in public places like in the office and also when taking their office equipment to their homes. It is during these transfers that the attackers can use to place malware into their devices which will hinder the security of their business which in turn have a greater effect on information security. In conclusion, malware or malicious software is computer programs that disrupt computer operation. It is, therefore, important that the computer is protected against any form of malware. The different types of malware include ObadH, Uapush and Citadel Trojan. They can be mitigated during installation or after they are detected. In the recent past, there are trends that have been on the rise which include; malware is becoming increasingly aggressive and evasive, the vulnerability of two-factor authentication, targeted attacks giving way to mass exploit customization, increased data leaks via the cloud applications. Malware, like viruses, hinder information security and therefore the need to be keen as a user of any electronic gadget. It is important that before accepting any new information and installing it, the information goes through scanning to make sure it is malware free. Also, make sure that operating system is regularly scanned since there is some malware that usually hides i n some files. Install and update regularly anti-malware software in computers and when sharing files, both the sending and receiving machine is malware free. Finally, avoid sharing so much personal information especially on the cloud. References Edwards J (2007). Top Zombie, Trojan Horse and Bot Threats. IT security Engin Kirda (2015). Top 5 Malware Trends on the Horizon. retrieved from www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/cyber-security/top-5-malware-trends-on-the-horizon on September 19, 2016 Kagan L. (2013). 3 Malware Trends You Need to Know About. Retrieved from https://www.recordedfuture.com/malware-trends on September 19, 2016 Stallings W. (2012). Computer security: Principles and Practice. Pearson. Boston. Stalmans E. and Irwin B. (2011). A framework for DNS based detection and mitigation of malware infection on a network. IIEE. South Africa

Rock Lyrics Analysis Essays - , Term Papers

Rock Lyrics Analysis Blow Up The Outside World-Soundgarden lyrics Nothing seems to kill me no matter how hard I try Nothing is closing my eyes Nothing can beat me down for your pain or delight And nothing seems to break me No matter how hard I fall nothing can break me at all Not one for giving up though not invincible I know I've given everything I need I'd give you everything I own I'd give in if it could at least be ours alone I've given everything I could To blow it to hell and gone Burrow down in and blow up the outside world Someone tried to tell me something Don't let the world bring you down Nothing will do me in before I do myself So save it for your own and the ones you can help Want to make it understand Wanting though I never would Trying though I know it's wrong Blowing it to hell and gone Wishing though I never could Blow up the outside world meaning Nothing seems to kill me, no matter how hard I try, nothing is closing my eyes To me it sounds like he's trying to commit suicide. Nothing can beat me down for your pain or delight Also sounds like he doesn't care if he brings pain or joy to anyone by doing it. And nothing seems to break me, no matter how hard I fall, nothing could break me at all Once again, sounds like suicide. Not one for giving up, though not invincible I know Sounds like he's going to keep hurting himself because sooner or later he knows something will work. I've given everything I need, I'd give you everything I own, I'd give in if it could be ours alone Saying that if she would be his then he would stop hurting himself. Like, he was hurting himself, or wanting to, because he couldn't have her. I've given everything I could, to blow it to hell and gone, Burrow down in and blow up the outside world Pretty much saying that he's done everything he can think of to hurt himself and they are not working so he just wants to be alone. Someone tried to tell me, don't let the world bring you down Sounds like someone's advice to him Nothing will do me in before I do myself, so save it for your own and the ones you can help He's knows nothing can really hurt him, but himself so he thinks the advice is useless to him. Want to make it understood, wanting though I never would Saying that he might want to hurt himself sometimes, but he never would. Trying though I know it's wrong, blowing it to hell and gone Well, in today's society, the religious people in general, it's wrong to try and kill yourself cause you'll go to hell. Wishing though I never could, blow up the outside world Saying that sometimes he may want to commit suicide, but he never would, so he just wants to be left alone. lyrics Blackened-Metallica Nothing seems to kill me, no matter how hard I try, nothing is closing my eyes To me it sounds like he's trying to commit suicide. Nothing can beat me down for your pain or delight Also sounds like he doesn't care if he brings pain or joy to anyone by doing it. And nothing seems to break me, no matter how hard I fall, nothing could break me at all Once again, sounds like suicide. Not one for giving up, though not invincible I know Sounds like he's going to keep hurting himself because sooner or later he knows something will work. I've given everything I need, I'd give you everything I own, I'd give in if it could be ours alone Saying that if she would be his then he would stop hurting himself. Like, he was hurting himself, or wanting to, because he couldn't have her. I've given everything I could, to blow it to hell and gone, Burrow down in and blow up the outside world Pretty much saying that he's done everything he can think of to hurt himself and they are not working so he just wants to be alone. Someone tried to tell me, don't let the world bring you down Sounds like someone's advice to him Nothing will do me in before I do myself, so save it for your own and the ones you can help He's knows nothing can really hurt him, but himself so he thinks the advice is useless

Film Analysis of Field of Dreams essays

Film Analysis of Field of Dreams essays Ray Kinsella is an ordinary man from Eastern Iowa who has an extraordinary event happen to him that will change the life for him and his family forever. The movie "Field of Dreams" was released in 1989 and stared Kevin Costner, James Earl Jones, Amy Madigan, and Burt Lancaster. The film was nominated for three academy awards including "Best Picture". The film begins with a narrative of the life of Ray's father. His father played baseball when he was younger but never made it professionally. Instead, he got married and had a son and worked at a factory his entire life to support his family. Ray played baseball early in his life and was forced to live out the dreams of his father. Ray's father wanted him to go on and play baseball professionally since he never got the chance too. However, Ray saw things differently and rebelled against his father's wishes. He went to college at the University of California- Berkeley. He attended Berkeley he majored in English but really majored in the youth movement of the 1960's "Peace, Love, and Dope" was among his favorite saying of the era. While attending Berkeley, he met the love of his life Annie. They were married and after college moved, to Iowa near her parents bought some land and had a girl (Katie). Ray was now a farmer who loved his family, the 60s, and baseball. He is an ordinary man from a small farming community in Iowa. Life was all too normal for Ray until the day he heard a voice from the cornfield. "If you build it he will come". Ray at first does not know what the voice means by the statement "id you build he will come". He eventually ties the message from the voice to his Dad's baseball hero Shoeless Joe Jackson. Jackson was a Chicago White Sox baseball player that (along with his teammates) was kicked out of baseball for throwing games. Ray believes that if he builds a baseball filed that Shoeless Joe Jackson will come. Despite the financial concerns Ray supported by his wife...

15 Familial Terms and Their Other Meanings

15 Familial Terms and Their Other Meanings 15 Familial Terms and Their Other Meanings 15 Familial Terms and Their Other Meanings By Mark Nichol The meanings of many terms that originally referred to familial relationships have been extended to have greater resonance of connotation. Here are some words for members of families and their senses beyond the literal ones. 1. Brother: a kinsman, a countryman or member of same ethnic group or nationality, a comrade, a fellow member, or a lay member of a religious order 2. Cousin: a counterpart, or someone related culturally or ethnically; also, a term of address from a monarch to a member of the nobility 3. Daughter: something that derives from something else, or a product of radioactive decay 4. Father: an originator, a source or prototype, a leading figure in an organization (such as a church) or a political jurisdiction (â€Å"city fathers,† â€Å"founding fathers†), a priest, an early Christian writer, or God; also, fatherland denotes one’s homeland 5. Forefather: a person who is not an ancestor but with whom one shares one’s general heritage 6. Grandfather: an older man, or an ancestor; as a verb, to allow to continue under a previous law, policy, or agreement (â€Å"grandfather clause†); also, a grandfather clock is a tall, floor-mounted clock 7. Kindred: closely aligned (â€Å"kindred spirit†) 8. Mother: an older woman, or one who heads a religious community or a similar group; the origin or source; a shortening of a vulgar term of, depending on the context, abuse or affection; an impressive or ultimate exemplar (â€Å"the mother of all battles†); also, motherland denotes one’s homeland; as a verb, to nurture 9. Nephew: a clergyman’s illegitimate son; etymologically related to nepotism (â€Å"favoritism shown to a relative†), from the notion that high-ranking church officials would introduce illegitimate sons as nephews to obtain sinecures for them 10. Niece: a clergyman’s illegitimate daughter 11. Parent: the origin or source; also, an entity that produces a subsidiary (â€Å"parent company†) 12. Sister: a comrade or a fellow member of an ethnic group or nationality, a female member of a church or a religious order, a nurse who is a member of a religious order, a sorority member, or a closely associated or similar entity (â€Å"sister city†); also, slang for a girl or woman; also, as a verb, construction jargon for placing a structural element next to another one 13. Son: a closely associated person (â€Å"native son†); also, used as a form of address from an older person to a young man or a boy 14. Stepchild: a neglected person or entity 15. Uncle: an older helper or adviser (the adjective avuncular is etymologically related); also, an idiom referring to surrender (â€Å"cry uncle†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyPeople versus PersonsCaptain vs. Master

Love DISABILITY & PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Love DISABILITY & PHYSICAL ACTIVITY - Essay Example This report discusses the major barriers that restrict disabled people in accessing and progressing within the available sporting infrastructure in Darlington Borough, in United Kingdom. Bone and Meltzer (1999, p14) define disability as â€Å"any physical or mental state that limits movements, activities or senses of the affected person†. According to Arthur and Finch(1999, p41), persons with disabilities includes â€Å"people afflicted by long term mental, physical, intellectual, or sensory malfunctions, which limit their ability to participate fully and effectively in society like other able people†. Disability could be temporary, permanent or it could recur periodically within the life span of the affected person. Darlington Borough has an estimated population of 99,475 (PMP, 2009). Elderly persons aged 65 years and above account to 17% of the total population in the region, compared to national average of 16%. The proportion of people aged below 40 years in the borough is less than the national average. About 31% of people in the area do not have private cars for transport (PMP 2009, p16). This limits access to available sporting facilities, especially among the disabled persons. The region has unemployment rate of 4%, which is above the national level in the United Kingdom (PMP 2009, 37). According to PMP (2009) disabled persons account to 10.6 % of the entire population in the borough. Most of the disabled are elderly persons aged over 65 years. Darlington borough has an estimated 107.5 hectares of land for playing pitches, but only 39% of this area is available for public use (PMP, 2009, p65). In spite of economic prosperity in various regions, people with disabilities encounter higher levels of social, economic and political isolation compared to those without the condition (Andreasen, 1995, p 17). These challenges permeate into sports across different regions and Darlington is not an exception. Although factors such as age, ethnicity, gender,

Legal Aspects of Nursing- Homework 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal Aspects of Nursing- Homework 5 - Essay Example The installed monitoring gadget was more accurate with the operation of the nurse and if the case was to be taken from this instant then the conspicuous and repeated discrepancy between the two records were sufficient evidence to justify the actions of the facility. As the case proceeded to the trial levels, things were bound to change(Sloan, 1993). From the confession of other nurses that the facility did not have proper policy on documentation of narcotics and most of them had equally taken invalid records, gave the nurse upper hand to verify her claim. The discrepancy realized may have been as a result of mistakes made in undertaking the manual documentation for which the facility management seemed not give much attention. Testimony of the other nurses over uncensored manual documentation painted negligence on the side of the facility and therefore they lacked concrete incriminating evidence to suspend the nurse. This means that the testimony of the other nurses turned tables agai nst the defense of the facility for suspending the nurse. The institution just realized that there had been a massive misinformation due to invalid records that must have been documented over time by most of the nurses (Sloan, 1993). The facility management therefore remained more exposed in its incompetency to make sound documentation policies which are the backbone of efficient operation of the facility and quality healthcare. The facility therefore had to address the issue of ineffective documentation policy that must have given the suspended nurse legal loophole to successfully sue it. Ruling of the case ought to have been in favor of the suspended nurse since her actions and the subsequent testimony exposed the long standing negligence of the institution as far as ethical and legal healthcare practices are concerned (Rosdahl & Kowalski,2008). The most important principle of safety to the patients in this case is to minimize error by following due instruction in terms of adminis tering the right doze of the recommended prescription. The delay of documentation that the nurses testified to have been committing presents an open case of negligence since this is a matter of law and ethics which they must have been trained on. By the standard of their qualification, the patients are under their care in the spirit of trust and failure to take up their duties appropriately like documentation makes them liable to tort of negligence (Sloan, 1993). The confession about delay of the nurses’ documentation of such crucial information put the life of the patients at risk besides giving the institution wrong information that would be costly in terms of medication stocking and medical billing on patients. This therefore amounted to services below standard of care. The action of the nurses from this case presents poor ethical standards on the part of the nurses. It is imperative that the nurses know that communicating an existing problem that pose a threat to the faci lity and the health of the patients is primary to the welfare of the society (Rosdahl & Kowalski, 2008). The institution management should also underscore the significance of free and healthy interaction with its staff so that it would be easy for them to note any anomaly in their behavior. The interest of the patient should come first since the cardinal role of the nurses is to save life and this would suffice the definition of positive ethical code

Hamlet Act I Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Act I Essay The first time that we are introduced to Hamlet is in Act I Scene II. It is apparent that the predominant thought in the atmosphere is the death of King Hamlet, Hamlets father. Claudius says; Though yet of Hamlet our dear brothers death the memory be green. This first introduces the Hamlet as mourning for his fathers death, setting the scene for Hamlets mood. The first time that that hamlet speaks is just after Claudius has called him his cousin and son, where Hamlet replies; A little more than kin, and less than kind. Here he is making a pun on the words kin and kind, saying how feels now too closely related to Claudius. He also says; Not so my lord, I am too much Ithsun. Here he is saying that he feels too much like Claudiuss son. Both of these show that Hamlet is quite witty, and also that he is a good listener, and picks up on other things that maybe other people dont. Hamlet feels that the wedding of his mother and Claudius is too soon after the death of his father, and he planned to go back to school, however when his mother asks him not to he says; I shall in all my best obey you madam. This shows that although he does not want to stay he will to please his mother. His displeasure at the wedding is also shown in his soliloquy at the end of the scene, where he says; She married. Oh most wicked speed, to post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets. Here he is saying how he thought she remarried too quickly and that it is like incest to marry her dead husbands brother. Although the end of the scene, as Horatio is telling Hamlet that he saw the ghost of his father, Hamlets speech becomes quite fast and abrupt, unlike the dialogue before. This shows that he has strong feelings for anything to do with his father, and wishes to see him again, even though he must be a ghost. In scene III Ophelia is talking to her brother Laertes about the move that she thinks her and hamlet share. However, Laertes thinks that it is just a whim and that Hamlet does not really love her; Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting. He is saying that although it may seem to Ophelia to be real, it is not and Ophelia should not believe Hamlet when he says he loves her. Polonius also reflects this view, and tells his daughter to ignore Hamlet. The entire of Act IV seems to reflect Hamlet character and mood. He has come to see the ghost, and even though this is most unnatural he has come any way. This could be because he misses his father, but also because he feels that something is rotten in the state of Denmark. He is unhappy at his mothers speedy marriage, especially to his satyr uncle. Perhaps he feels that the ghost of his father can in some way help him with this. Also he threatens to kill his friends if they do not let him go when the ghost beckons him, even though there is risk; By heaven Ill make a ghost of him that lets me. He seems to want to speak to the ghost of his father, even more than the risks of following a ghost which may be evil. In Act V, when the ghost tells Hamlet that he was murdered, yet not by whom yet, Hamlet says: I with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge. This shows that already he believes that this apparition is his father, and immediately at the thought that his was murder he says that he will exact revenge. This shows how upset he is at his fathers leaving, reflecting that he thought all along that something strange was going on. Hamlets reaction to what the ghost tells him seems to be full of emotion; Hold, hold, my heart, and you my sinews grow not instant old. This how bad he is feeling not only for the spirit of his father but also for the fact that he has just learned that his father was murdered, by his uncle, who is now king. He calls his uncle; O villain, villain, smiling damni d villain! This is because in old plays the villain was usually described as being evil but smiling pretending to be good as is Claudius. After he has spoken with the Ghost, Hamlet tells his friends not to speak of the ghost, and also to ignore him if he starts acting strangely; Nay but sweart. He makes them swear on his sword that they will not say anything. This could be because he wants to sort out the thoughts in his head first because this has been quite a big thing he has learned. Also, it may be a way in which he can plan to exact his revenge on Claudius for he cannot stand to be made to act a son to him. In conclusion, in Act I, Shakespeare sets up the introduction of the story, but also with hints as what is to come later on in the play he plays on Hamlet use of words to show his distaste for the marriage and his uncle, but also by using the ghost to tell hamlet of its fate and also hamlet pretending to be mad it implies that the rest of the play will be much centred on this, and also make us question as to whether hamlet is still pretending to be mad or whether he has actually crossed over the line to madness. Certainly there are things he does that other people consider madness, but he can also be normal. However, like where he sees Ophelia and is not properly dressed, if he loves her as he says he does it seems that he would not do these things event o her.

In Favor of Regulating Media Violence Essay -- Media Censorship

Media Controversy With the nation's violence rate increasing over the past few years, one must ask, "why?" Harold Lasswell formulated the core of questions of content analysis: "Who says what, to whom, why, and to what extent and with what effect?" The issue of media content has become an increasingly popular, as well as controversial, topic. There have been many concerns from parents regarding exposure of their children to inappropriate themes in the media. An overall increase of violence and crime in America suggests that the children are being exposed to violence too early, allowing them to become comfortable in seeing and ultimately portraying violence. Prolonged exposure to such media portrayals results in increased acceptance of violence as an appropriate means of solving problems and achieving one's goals. Since children younger than eight years cannot discriminate between fantasy and reality, they are uniquely vulnerable to learning and adopting as reality the circumstances, attitudes, and beh aviors portrayed by entertainment media. Therefore, media content should be regulated, especially for younger children, as well as increasing the difficulty of access to such content. This topic of violence in the media is hardly new. It has come to attention several times in the past decades and it seems like the only solution has been the ratings system. The rating system essentially rates the level of maturity of certain movies and games and puts a grade on them. These ratings range from ?E? for everyone to ?M? for mature on games and ?G? for general audience and ?NC-17? for not appropriate for those under 17 years of age on movies. In addition to these ratings, certain boxes contain warnings that caution... ...he majority of these incidents. The minors could not have received any professional training in the use of a firearm, and yet they were able to use one efficiently. Investigators said that the primary source of knowledge in the use of these weapons most likely came from the first-person-shooter games that were found in most of the gunners? possession. Clearly, certain measures must be taken to contain this problem. Violence in the general media is a very serious and real problem in our society today. The harshness of reality and popularity by demand ensures that the eradication of all violence from the media will never happen. But, one thing is certain: the growing culture of violence must be stopped as soon as possible. The human toll is too great to look the other way. As Victor Cline, the author of a book on media violence says: ?Where do you draw the line?? In Favor of Regulating Media Violence Essay -- Media Censorship Media Controversy With the nation's violence rate increasing over the past few years, one must ask, "why?" Harold Lasswell formulated the core of questions of content analysis: "Who says what, to whom, why, and to what extent and with what effect?" The issue of media content has become an increasingly popular, as well as controversial, topic. There have been many concerns from parents regarding exposure of their children to inappropriate themes in the media. An overall increase of violence and crime in America suggests that the children are being exposed to violence too early, allowing them to become comfortable in seeing and ultimately portraying violence. Prolonged exposure to such media portrayals results in increased acceptance of violence as an appropriate means of solving problems and achieving one's goals. Since children younger than eight years cannot discriminate between fantasy and reality, they are uniquely vulnerable to learning and adopting as reality the circumstances, attitudes, and beh aviors portrayed by entertainment media. Therefore, media content should be regulated, especially for younger children, as well as increasing the difficulty of access to such content. This topic of violence in the media is hardly new. It has come to attention several times in the past decades and it seems like the only solution has been the ratings system. The rating system essentially rates the level of maturity of certain movies and games and puts a grade on them. These ratings range from ?E? for everyone to ?M? for mature on games and ?G? for general audience and ?NC-17? for not appropriate for those under 17 years of age on movies. In addition to these ratings, certain boxes contain warnings that caution... ...he majority of these incidents. The minors could not have received any professional training in the use of a firearm, and yet they were able to use one efficiently. Investigators said that the primary source of knowledge in the use of these weapons most likely came from the first-person-shooter games that were found in most of the gunners? possession. Clearly, certain measures must be taken to contain this problem. Violence in the general media is a very serious and real problem in our society today. The harshness of reality and popularity by demand ensures that the eradication of all violence from the media will never happen. But, one thing is certain: the growing culture of violence must be stopped as soon as possible. The human toll is too great to look the other way. As Victor Cline, the author of a book on media violence says: ?Where do you draw the line??

Marketing in Global Environment Essay

Pre school children usually become angry when they are frustrated and they get frustrated when they cant comprehend what is going on and what they have to do in that current situation. Thus when they feel helpless and are unable to express their feelings verbally, they show anger. This is basically the positive sign in a sense that this aggression enables the child to create their own personality, which signals that they are getting growing up because of the learning they obtain from new circumstances. According to Lewis & Michalson, (1983) there are three components of anger; emotional state of anger, expression and then understanding of anger. In the first stage of emotional state the child feels that their needs are not fulfilled or their goal is unattainable. In daily classroom activities there may be conflict over possession of children’s accessories, like some children don’t like to share their things with other children. Moreover there may be fights between children, verbal taunt or teasing, or circumstances when children feel that they are being ignored with peers, parents or teachers and when kids don’t like to do what is ordered by the teacher or parents. All these are the reasons that cause children to get frustrated. The second stage is expression of anger, which children normally display through their facial expression, by crying and sometimes they become stubborn and do not bother to resolve the issue. Some children express their anger by taking revenge physically or through verbal taunting, complain to the teacher what he dislikes or by fighting with his other friends. The third stage address the understanding of anger, it involves understanding, interpreting and then evaluating the emotions because expression of anger is basically linked with the understanding of emotions. At this stage children learn from their teachers and parents on how to manage their feelings of anger, and how to react in those situations. Now I would like to explore the understanding and then managing anger, according to the (Lewis & Saarni, 1985), there is a cognitive process of children’s gradual development which includes memory, language and self referential and self regulatory behaviors. At the initial ages, children always remember in their memory; the situations and their solutions that what they have done at that prevailing situation and then it become very difficult to wash their brain if they are grow up with the wrong perception. Thus the teacher plays an important role in the growing of children because they are the ones who guide them on what they have to do in the situation they come across. Then comes language, as every child thinks differently and they have different perceptions, therefore the teacher has to be very careful and keep in mind the differences when teaching them on anger. The third and last one is self referential and self regularity behavior, now self referential behavior means seeing them as separate, independent and active, while self regulation refers to controlling their wishes and tolerating the consequences. What the teacher is supposed to do to deal with the anger, the most important task is to create a friendly climate where children can express their feelings and problems without being scared, listen to them, motivate them and they must help the children to develop self regulatory skills. Also, let them participate in all the classroom activities to increase their confidence, they can do so by telling them moral stories, with the help of role play or through games and different competitions, and the most important task is to involve parents as they are the ones who remain with them all the day. Hence teacher and parent both must coordinate to better understand the children. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study was to examine the child psychology, as every child is different. Furthermore, to understand how to treat children, in a way they want to be treated so they can be a better groomed for their future ahead. References: †¢ Marion. M. (April 27, 2009) Helping Young Children Deal with Anger. Retrieved 26th June 09. From the website: http://www. athealth. com/Consumer/issues/childsanger. html †¢ The Parent Report Radio Show. Aggression and Anger in Young Children. Retrieved 26th June 09 from the website: http://www. theparentreport. com/resources/ages/preschool/development/650. html †¢ Center for Mental Health Services. Helping the Child Who is Expressing Anger. Retrieved 26th June’ 09 from the website: http://parentingteens. about. com/cs/youthviolence/a/childanger. htm †¢ Can Anger in Children be a Sign of Something Serious? ( 2008 ). Retrieved 26th June 09 from the website: http://www. help-your-child-with-anger. com/anger-in-children. html †¢ Managing and Coping with the Angry Child. Retrieved 26th June 09 from the website: http://www. angermgmt. com/children. asp

Ritz-Carlton Hotels

Case Application – Making you Say Wow (Chapter 3 page 68-69) When you hear the name the Ritz-Carlton Hotels, what words come to your mind? Luxury? Elegance? Formal, or maybe even dull and boring? Very expensive? Three words that the company hopes come to mind are exemplary customer service. Ritz-Carlton is committed to treating its guests like royalty. It has very different corporate cultures in the hotel and lodging industry, and employees are referred to as â€Å"our ladies and gentleman. † Its motto is printed on a card that employees carry with them: â€Å"We are Ladies and Gentleman serving Ladies and Gentleman. And these ladies and gentleman of the Ritz have been trained in very detailed standards and specifications for treating customers. These standards were established more than a century ago by founders Caesar Ritz and August Escoffier. Ritz employees are continually schooled in company lore and company values. Every day at 15-minute â€Å"lineup† sess ions at each hotel propoerty, managers reinforce company values and review techniques. And these values are the basis for all employee training and rewards. Nothing is left to chance when it comes to providing exemplary customer service.People looking to get a job in this hotel are tested both for cultural fit and for qualities associated with a real passion to serve customers. A company executive says, â€Å"The smile has to come naturally†. Although staff memebers are expected to be warm and caring, their behaviour towards guests had been extremely detailed and scripted. That is why a new customer service philosophy implemented in mid-2006 was so different from what the Ritz had been doing before 2006. The Company’s new approach is almost the opposite from what the company had been doing till 2006.Do not tell employees how to make guests happy. Now they are expected to figure it out. Says Diana Oreck, vice president, â€Å"We moved away from the heavily prescriptive , scripted appproach and toward managing to outcomes†. The outcome didn’t change, though. The goal is still a happy guest who’s really happy and delighted by the service received. Howevery, under the new approach, staff members interactions with guests are more natural, relaxed, rather than sounding like they are reading lines from a book.

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Isambard Kingdom Brunel Free Online Research Papers In the early part of Brunels life, the use of railways began to take off as a mean of transport for passengers and goods. This demand for railway expansion greatly influenced Brunels involvement in stretching railways across Britain. This resulted in the railway bridges. In 1833, before the Thames Tunnel (Brunel’s tunnel) was complete, Brunel was appointed chief engineer of the Great Western Railway, one of the wonders of Victorian era. The railway ran from London to Bristol and afterwards was expanded to Exeter. At the time of Brunel, there were 100 rich families whom practically owned everything. Their eldest sons were in the House of Lords and their sons in The House Of Commons. Things then started to change. The Company for the Great British Railway was founded at a public meeting in Bristol in 1833, and was included by Act of Parliament in 1835. Brunel made two decisions: to use a broad gauge of 7ft for the track, which he believed would make the trains go at high speeds. His decision to use broad gauge for the line was controversial because almost all British railways in the country had used a standard gauge of 4 81/2 feet. Brunel said that this was nothing a carry-over from the mine railways that George Stephenson had worked on. Even before the Great Western Railway was opened, Brunel was moving on to his next project: transatlantic shipping. He used his standing to convince his railway company employers to build the Great Western, at the time by far the largest steamship in the world. The ship first sailed in 1837. The Great Western was 236 ft long, made of wood, and propelled by sail and paddlewheels. Her first return trip to New York City took just 29 days, compared to two months for a sailing ship. In total, 74 goings to New York were made. The Great Britain was made in 1843 and was much larger at 322 ft long; she was the first iron-hulled, ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Building on these two successes, Brunel made a third ship in 1852, even larger than both of the others, and intended for trips to India and Australia. The Great Eastern was ‘cutting-edge technology’ for her time: almost 700 ft long, fitted out with the most luxurious activities and capable of carrying over 4,000 people. She was designed to be able to cruise under her own power non-stop from London to Sydney and back since engineers of the time were under the thought that Australia had no coal, and she remained the largest ship built until the 19th century. However, this soon ran over budget. Research Papers on Isambard Kingdom BrunelThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Analysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and CanadaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemLifes What Ifs

List of Fantasy Themed Stage Plays

List of Fantasy Themed Stage Plays A quest begins! Dragons lurk in caves. Diabolic beasts wait around nearly every twist and turn of the trail. But, if the heroes are brave and loyal, a triumphant ending is in store. Fantasy has long since delighted young and old alike. Although this very visual genre offers a great many challenges to a director, it can be a very fulfilling experience to both the audience and the artists. The following plays are some of the most popular fantasy stories in the history of children’s literature. With the right elements, each of these stage adaptations can be transformed into a top-notch production. The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe Many artistic mediums have brought the world of Narnia to life. Literature, radio, television, animation, and film have each interpreted C.S. Lewis’ work. Yet the stage play adaptation of this fantasy classic possesses immense charm and sincerity. Production Challenges: Lots of fantastical set pieces and imaginative costumes make this a difficult show to perform without an extravagant budget (or a very forgiving audience!) Production Advantages: This highly moral story of good versus evil offers a wide range of characters for actors of various ages. Performers get the rare opportunity of playing intelligent animals, enchanted creatures, and heroic children. Casting Advice: It’s a plus if the children can pull off a British accent. It’s an even bigger plus if they can reverently gasp â€Å"Aslan!† on a continual basis! Much of the believability depends on how the child actors respond to the magical creatures. If they are genuinely in awe, the audience will feel that same sense of wonder. Script available at Dramatic Publishing. The Hobbit Adapted by Edward Mast, this prequel to Lord of the Rings captures the essence of this magical quest- though it does skip a few parts of the book. J.R.R. Tolkien spins the wondrous tale of Bilbo Baggins, the unlikely hero who learns that there is more to life than relaxing in the Shire. The stage play is simple enough that it could be performed by junior high students. Yet, the themes are sophisticated enough to warrant a professional production. Production Challenges: The large cast consists almost entirely of male characters. If this is performed by a school or children’s theater, the many young actresses who audition may be disappointed to find themselves cast as a beard-clad dwarf! Production Advantages: The sets can consist of a number of fantasy forest and cave backdrops. The look can also be enhanced with a skilled lighting and sound designer. Casting Advice: With the right cast, this can be a fun play to use both child actors (as dwarves and hobbits) and adults (as Gandalf, Goblins, and Gollum). More faithful productions have cast adults in all parts, selecting shorter actors for the â€Å"vertically-challenged† characters. Find out more about this stage adaptation of The Reluctant Dragon So many fantasy stories end with a dragon being slain. Imaginary-animal activists will be happy to know that at least one show is sympathetic to the plight of these endangered magical beasts. Though a tale of fantasy, this version by Mary Hall Surface teaches a valuable lesson of the dangers of prejudice. Production Challenges: Some creative costuming is required to make the title character look dragon-like. Other than that, this is very easy to produce play. Production Advantages: The script is short, sweet, and to the point. It runs about sixty minutes and sports a small cast of eight players. Casting Advice: Much of the script contains dialogue befitting of medieval knights. Cast a regal sounding actor for the distinguished role of St. George. Script available at Anchorage Press Plays. Tuck Everlasting Not all fantasies contain wizards and monsters. Some of the best imaginary tales present a single magical element. In the case of Tuck Everlasting, a family drinks from a supernatural spring and attains eternal life, for better or for worse. Production Disadvantages: Mark Frattaroli’s adaptation of Natalie Babbitt’s beloved novel is not yet available through publishing companies. However, since 1991, it has been performed at several regional theaters such as the Magic Theatre Company. Production Advantages: If a playhouse manages to get the rights to Tuck Everlasting, the Chicago Playworks company has created a very handy guide for drama teachers and students.

Compare and Contrast the metatheoretical assumptions that underly Essay

Compare and Contrast the metatheoretical assumptions that underly Idealism and Realism - Essay Example Idealism concerns itself with ideas and places its existence over the nature of the material world, that is, the material world must adhere to the ideas that are presented, whatever they may be. Idealism may be Subjective or Objective, depending on how the idealists view the existence of the sensing world. Idealism is said to be subjective when the external world is believed to be non-existent and that the world beyond sensation cannot be understood. However, it is said to be objective when the external world is the expression of the ideal forces, which may be expressed as the Will of God or the Absolute Idea, that the Mind has direct access with. Because of this latter belief, several methodologies were developed to aid this search for the Absolute Idea. One of the idealistic methods involves elemental analysis - concepts are divided into simple elements which are then subjected to simple and self-evident axioms similar to mathematical principles. In this method, complexity of the s ocial structure is reduced in its elemental form. Another method, considered as the most popular one is the a priori method - an object is understood in terms of logically deducing a general conception of its nature. In this method, premise development is critical in ensuring that the deduction is in its most accurate form. On the other hand, realism claims that ideas must adhere to what is experienced in this world, and hence, upon the materials present in this world (MIA: Encyclopedia of Marxism). In this respect, the debate between idealism and realism is whether what comes first - ideas or materials - and what is more important to pursue. Both philosophical approaches have distinct impact in the operation of the world since their conception. Idealism is able to influence its mode of thinking in politics, philosophy and religion (Hutchison). In politics, Conservative and Liberal idealism takes the center stage. Because the nature of politics is concrete in terms of its actions, these political streams are commonly objective. Nevertheless, they have significant differences in how they act politically. First, the conservatives aim to restore a Golden Age from the past, whereas the liberalists seek to make progress through Utopia (Hutchison). Although the end goal is that of an ideal world, the way in which they view how and especially when to reach these goals is basically different. The conservatives were also more successful in their program. The Christian Republics in Geneva, early Massachusetts and Holland were flourished more than the experimental liberal Utopian communities in terms of economics and culture (Hutchi son). The impact of idealism in philosophy is seen from the development of German mode of thinking such as Existentialism, Postmodern Deconstructionism and the concept of the New Age (Hutchison). In religion, idealism was able to influence Greek Orthodox, Protestant and Catholic spirituality in terms of their divine missions. The Greek Orthodox monks, for instance, longs for the restoration of Eden; the Protestant church idealized the state of the early church characterized by simple small sects richly blessed by God; and the Catholics from the words of Pope Gregory VII who calls himself the "vicegerent of Christ" prophesize the restoration of Kingdom of Christ in the millennium or after it (Hutchison).

Global Studies Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Studies Paper - Essay Example In many ways, the authors promote a type of behavioral analysis in the affairs of international law and governance, rather than the traditional abstract thought and philosophy which is used generally to mask the motivations of the agents involved. Aseem Prakash and Matthew Potosk take this methodology even further in their analysis â€Å"The International Organization for Standardization as a global governor: a club theory perspective† by examining the organizations and groups that actually control local governance through game theory and focusing on â€Å"clubs† as a means through which individuals organize for particular goals locally. (Prakash and Potosk, 2010) The authors use the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) group as a paradigmatic example of this activity and as a model of a â€Å"global governor in the area of international product and management systems standardization.† (Prakash and Potosk, 2010) In critically reviewing both articl es, it is evident that Avant, Finnemore and Sell

EU Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EU Law - Essay Example In the same year, she launched claims for consideration of an educational grant in the UK, giving reasons that courses in genetics were not offered in her country Germany. The application was rejected on ground that Ms. Morgan did not meet conditions on paragraph five, clause two that is 5(2) of the Federal Law on encouragement of Education and Training BAfOG. Ms. Morgan was denied grant, because she was not continuing her learning in another member state, studies initially pursued in Germany for at least one year. She had started her’s in the UK and so, failed to satisfy that condition. In the second case, Ms. Bucher began her studies in ergo-therapy in Netherlands, close to the German border. Living with her parents in Bonn, they moved to Duren, where she registered as her permanent residence before traveling to Heerlen for studies. Ms. Butcher applied for an educational grant to pursue training the Netherlands. The application was rejected on condition that Ms. Bucher did not fulfill paragraph 5(1) of the BAfOG. It was alleged that Ms. Bucher established residence on the border to facilitate her training. Reason given for denial was, Ms. Bucher did not satisfy the conditions either on paragraph 5(1) of the BAfOG or those stated on 5(2). Entitlement to an educational grant as member state citizens to both applicants is the factual claim in the two cases that is C-11/06 and C-12/06 Questions referred to the Court of Justice for interpretation were two, the first question common in both cases. Does the rights of movement allocate for citizens in the Union under Articles 17 EC and 18 EC the rights to deter a Member State, in a case like Ms. Morgan’s and Bucher’s, from awarding an education or training grant to its nationals for a course of study in other Member States on ground that the course does not reflect a continuation of studies pursued at an educational institutional in their national

English for Night Essay Example for Free

English for Night Essay Night Thematic Statement In the book: â€Å"Night the Author†, Elie Wiesel writes about, many different themes such as death, racism, faith, trust, love and much more. The main theme in the book would be Elies faith, his faith in God is absolute. Throughout the entire book Wiesel talks about his faith and it really shows how loyal he is to God while being shaken during his experience in the Holocaust. Wiesel was raised believing that everything on Earth was a reflection of Gods holiness and power, so everywhere he looked he was thinking about and studying this God. Elie was dedicated and wanted to know more and more each day. Wiesels faith looked as if it could never be brought down or shaken, but by the time he got to the second camp Elie was already slowly loosing faith, He says â€Å"Why did I pray? Why did I live? Why did I breathe? † Wiesel was so brainwashed that he most likely didnt even know it was happening. Wiesel says â€Å" It was silent, What had I to thank Him for? † His faith was being moved because he was looking at all the pain around him and not the hope inside. He wonders how an amazing God could be apart of such a cruel place, his faith was now rocking by the cruelty and selfishness he sees among the prisoners. But soon enough Elie was one of those selfish prisoners a kapo says â€Å"Here, every man has to fight for himself and not think of anyone else. Here, there are no fathers, no brothers, no friends. Everyone lives and dies for himself alone. † Wiesel was getting it in his head that maybe I could eat that extra bread instead of giving it to my father, Im most likely to survive longer. He was believing the lie being told and loosing much more than he had hoped. All-throughout Night Elie Wiesel writes how much he wanted to pursue God in his life and how much his life revolved around his relationship with God. Even though he has been forever changed from his horrible experience during the Holocaust, Elie still emerged with his faith. He didnt let the worst thing in his life effect the best part of his life, his faith in God.

Corporate Culture Essay -- Essays Papers

Corporate Culture Introduction How one chooses to dress, the physical distance one keeps from others, speech patterns, where one looks while talking, and similar factors are taken into consideration when identifying what composes a certain culture. In order to distinguish right from wrong, culture provides the individual with boundaries of acceptable behavior. According to one definition, "culture is the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or population" (Ember & Ember, 402). These accepted behaviors are learned in all cultures (Ember & Ember 20). Specific cultures dictate behaviors for certain environments ranging from massive countries to small organizations. Each culture provides the individual with the comfort of knowing what is expected from him or her, which in turn allows the society or group to function. Certain theories developed through anthropological research about culture may be applied to developing a culture within an organization. Comprehending what differentiates groups of human beings is useful because such clarity helps to avoid misunderstandings between people. Exposure to anthropological theory [co-cultures, constraints (established through norms), action chains and culture shock/adaptation] can help alleviate some of the misunderstandings that arise from unconscious between people of different cultural groups (Ember & Ember, 11). By recognizing the role that culture has upon the individual as well as the group, the members of a group could apply these principles to create a stable community. In cultural anthropology, there are theories and terms that explain why people act the way that they do and what actions elicit ... ...tive difference?" Business and Society Review v104.i4 (1999): p104. Williams, Kelly. "How do you keep good employees? With perks." OfficeSolutions v17.9 (2000): p26. Yetzer, Elaine. "Piecing it together: Recruiting, retaining employees doesn't end when a job opening is filled." Hotel & Motel Management v216.1 (2001): p44. Young, Cheri A., and Craig C. Lundberg. "Creating a good first day on the job: allaying newcomers' anxiety with positive messages." Cornell Hotel & Restaurant Administration Quarterly v37.6 (1996): p26. Zemke, Ron. "Employee orientation: a process, not a problem." Training: the Magazine of Human Resources Development. Aug. 1989: 33. Zion, Lee. "Small business big on retention." San Diego Business Journal 14 Aug. 2000: 33. Zyska, Patricia. "Loyalty, not perks, helps to retain employees." Computing Canada v26.18 (2000): p28.

Relation to the Socio-Political Essay

Comparison and Contrast of the General Tones of the Sumerian and Egyptian Hymns, in Relation to the Socio-Political and Geographic History of these Nations It is interesting to note that the Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations both sprung up beside rivers: Egypt lies in the delta of the Nile while the Sumerian civilization was on the fertile Mesopotamia along the banks of Tigris and Euphrates. It is thus expected that both civilizations revere their river, and associate them with gods, because the rivers prove to be vital to their existence and a channel of life for them. These forces of nature are considered holy and addressed by prayers. Examples of such pleas can be found in both hymns â€Å"A Sumero-Akadian Prayer to Every God† and the â€Å"Hymn to the Nile. † In these prayers, however, we find very different attitudes of the early people towards their gods. In the Sumero-Akadian prayer we will read a tone of sorrow, grief and fear by a troubled soul over his offences with the gods. The introduction fearfully desire for peace with the divinity: â€Å"May the fury of my lords heart be quieted toward me. † Throughout the text we will also find out that the gods are not named, but is rather just sanctified as an existing being that may not be offended. This apparent fear of the divinity may be attributed to the structure of the Mesopotamian civilizations, where the land was divided into different city-states believed to be owned by a deity. The Sumerian state is therefore not a solid state, but is a conglomeration of small states. Consistent fear of invasion made them turn into the divine beings for protection and blessing. As a further note, in the Sumero-Akadian civilizations, the power of government is divided into two: the lugal took care of the military powers and the even more powerful ensi was the supreme religious leader who also controlled â€Å"economic and technological expertise† (Krejci and Krejcova, p. 31). It can therefore be seen that the fear of the gods was the way of the ensi to maintain political control over his dominions. Political and social structure in Egypt proved much different from the Sumerians. The whole of Egypt was controlled by only one ruler – the Pharaohs. This unity gave the Egyptians more control over their surroundings and their country. Early on, the Egyptians had a clear sense of identity (Kemp, p. 25). This control is best exemplified by their ability to time and control the flooding of the Nile. However, geographically, the Egyptians were not as lucky as the Sumerians, as they were surrounded by deserts. This made them consider the Nile as a gift from the gods, a means by which they would live. It is therefore not surprising that the â€Å"Hymn to the Nile† is a joyous song of praise. The overall theme of the hymn is perhaps best stated in the first lines: â€Å"Hail to thee, O Nile! Who manifests thyself over this land, and comes to give life to Egypt!† References Mircea Eliade `From Primitives to Zen`: A SUMERO-AKADIAN PRAYER Ancient History Sourcebook:Hymn to the Nile, c. 2100 BCE Jaroslav Krejci, Anna Krejcova (1990). Before the European Challenge: The Great Civilizations of Asia and the Middle East. SUNY Press. Barry J. Kemp (2006). Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization, 2nd Ed. Routledge

Mentoring and Assessing Essay

Over the last decade the National Health Service (NHS) has continued its drive to optimise health outcomes, reduce health inequalities and conform to nationally agreed best practice in order to provide a more patient centred service. Accordingly, the present culture needed to adapt in a way as to encourage and strengthen clinical leadership and develop a workforce seeking to innovate and continuously improve through learning and research (Department of Health, 2005). Such a projected change within the health service has had a direct impact on nursing careers and nurse education both pre-registration and post-registration and has implications not only for those receiving education but also for those providing education. Through review of nursing education literature, this assignment intends to critically analyse the accountability of mentors in practice, looking at how their role as facilitators of learning and assessment is utilised within my own clinical setting, and how we, as nurses, assess a student’s competence. Furthermore discussions will focus around its impact on pre-registration students, identifying limitations mentors have in applying and reinforcing its importance in current practice. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008a:p19) define the term ‘Mentor’ as a registrant who has successfully completed an NMC approved mentor preparation programme and becomes responsible and accountable for organising and co-ordinating student learning activities in practice. This includes, supervising students in learning situations and providing constructive feedback, setting realistic learning outcomes and monitoring achievement, assessing total performance including skills, attitudes and behaviours as well as providing evidence and liaising with other colleagues if concerns are identified about the student’s achievement. Literature suggests that using of mentors in clinical placements can assist in the learning process and is it beneficial when a good mentor/student relationship has developed with mutual respect, consistency and partnership (Andrews and Robert 2003, Pulsford 2002). The success of any nursing student within a clinical placement is multi-faceted. This is further enhanced by the complicated nature of education and the perception of competencies to be achieved whether mentee or mentor. The process of moving forward with the knowledge and skill-sets must be supported and nurtured in order to facilitate a standard of care that is deemed safe, competent and most importantly accountable. If as nurses, we are to standardise the learning environment and assessment in practice, then the responsibility and accountability as facilitators of learning is of great importance. The Nursing and Midwifery Council monitor current nursing practice. Its main aim is to protect the public by ensuring that high standards of care are maintained through approving and monitoring the educational programme used to train pre and post-registration nurses (Quinn and Hughes, 2007 p67). Such standards within the nursing profession are set and maintained by documents such as the Code of Professional Conduct (NMC, 2004) and Standards of Proficiency for pre-registration nurses, which need to be met in order to ensure nursing students enter the profession providing safe and effective practice for patients (NMC, 2004). In terms of pre-registration nursing, it has become a crucial role for clinical settings such as my own to ensure that standards of proficiency are met and that student nurses gain a wide variety of experience on clinical placement during their training. The principles behind effective mentoring and effective student learning involve a number of factors, which the NMC incorporates into eight domains that provide standards for supporting learning and assessment in practice (NMC 2008b, Ali and Panther, 2008). These include; establishing effective working relationships, facilitation of learning, assessment and accountability, evaluation of learning, creating and environment for learning, context of practice, evidence-based practice and leadership. This has great implications for mentors as they will assess student’s competence in practice and decide whether they are capable of safe and effective practice (NMC, 2006). Within my own area of clinical practice, consideration of time management, leadership and effective working relationships are deemed particularly important for students to become competent practitioners and enjoy a positive learning experience. Caldwell et al, (2008 p39), suggests that the pressures of clinical commitments and lack of available time effects both the organisation and supervision of students during their clinical placements. Other challenges faced may include inconsistency of nurse educators and performance (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007a p28) and students who do not comply despite support (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007a p 29). Further challenges faced within my own practice a rea and indeed many areas of practice are reluctance to fail a failing student due finding the failing process too challenging or to limited and poor assessment. Studies have shown that students appreciate mentors who are positive and supportive and the relationship that develops between mentor and mentee can be central to the success of the clinical placement (Neary, 2000 and Pulsford et al, 2002). However, it is important to identify that other factors such as, the clinical environment, the complexity of the ward and psychological factors such as anxiety can have an impact on the quality of the student support received together with relationships developed (Andrews and Roberts, 2003, Hand 2006). Whilst mentors face many key professional challenges surrounding the facilitation of learning and assessment within the clinical placement the NMC framework to support students and mentors, by the nature of the document, is not deemed comprehensive enough to consider all aspects of competence assessment (Cassidy, 2009 p46). Research highlights that there are some levels of assessment that remains subjective despite the framework, simply due to the inherent nature of those involved and the variation of the skills to be assessed (Freshwater and Stickley 2004, Clibbens et al 2007). However, further support can be given to the NMC standards to support learning and assessment in practice by documents such as ‘Guidance for mentors or nursing students and midwives; (Royal College of Nursing (RCN), 2007). This toolkit is frequently used in my own practice area as it assists nurses to provide support and strategies. Levett-Jones, Tracy, Lathlean et al (2009, p316) suggest that mentor-mentee relationships are an important influence on students experiences of belongingness and their clinical learning. Notwithstanding, the clinical placement experience accounts for 50% of the pre-registration course, the role of the mentor in facilitating learning and educating is therefore optimised, assessing and supporting learners’ throughout their clinical experience. Neary (2000, p467) in his 1997 study, suggested that students described a mentor as someone to ‘emulate, a person of contact, have a chat with, teacher and guide, assessor and supervisor’. Morton-Cooper and Palmer (2009 p42-43) define the role of a mentor as Advisor, Coach, Counsellor, Guide, Role Model, Sponsor, Teacher and Resource Facilitator. Such essential attributes of the mentors role will enhance the learners’ experience of clinical placement, exert a powerful influence on their thought processes, emotions, behaviour, health and happiness in order to achieve the optimum level of success of experience of learning. Dolan (2003 p141) states that the role of an assessor and facilitator of learning is complicated by the balance and demands of every day duties within the clinical placement, this, in turn leads to the learners’ experience of assessment being fragmented and not prioritised. The supportive role of mentoring is to be objective and unbiased. Quinn and Hughes (2007: p300) note that in assessing the learner, caution should be taken in not feeling that our care is solely to the learner by being generous in assessment and evaluation and conversely not underrating the learner with the perception of the general characteristics of the learner. There is considerable opportunity for the mentor to gain knowledge about the learners’ learning needs, previous experience in order to form strategies to aid further learning, Wallace (2003 p36). Kolb (1985 p38) suggests, knowledge of an individuals’ learning style will enable learning to be effective. If a learning style was identified such as Honey and Mumford’s (1992) which defines learner’s into categories such as Activist, Reflector, theorist and Pragmatist, this might determine how the mentor might choose to teach a skill by either teaching theory first (theorist) or letting the learner experiment (activitist) with a skill first, (Hand, 2006). However, Hand (2006) suggests that only learning which incorporates knowledge and skills will inform practice, and that if there is a lack of knowledge then practice will become unsafe as will lack of skill lead to incompetency. Healthy mentoring relationships often involve some form of accountability and for many, whilst this is great in theory, it remains confusing in practice but makes a healthy contribution to mentoring relationships. Phillip and spratt (2007 p55) suggests that accountability should be based on clear terms, specific goals, objectives and good communication. An open and safe atmosphere will contribute to trust and moves us away from defensive, self-justification or unnecessary self-condemnation attitudes. Accountability should focus on growth, not merely preservation and protection; whilst these are crucial, they can make us more susceptible to failure. Healthy accountability should focus on motivation, helping to visualise growth and take responsibility for modelling and mentoring. Assessment decisions must be evidence based, as mentors, we are accountable for decisions made to either pass, defer or fail a learner, (NMC 2008a:p32). Assessment is defined as the action of evaluating, estimating the nature, ability or quality (Oxford Dictionary 2011). Rust (2002) suggests that assessment includes judgement, which will hold an element of subjectivity; therefore it must be objective, fair and transparent. The mentor is assessing the learners competency which the NMC (2008a) defines as ‘having skills abilities to practice safely and effectively without the need for direct supervision’, this being achieved through periods of clinical experience during the learners’ programme. Practice based assessment is a core method of assessing knowledge, skills and attitudes of students (Wallace, 2003 p 36). Dolan’s study of 2003, (p37) identified that learners’ need to gain the holistic experience of clinical practice in order to achieve some level of competency. The method of assessment must be considered in terms of reliability, validity, acceptability, educational impact, cost effectiveness in order to evaluate the suitability of the assessment itself (Chandratilake et al, 2010). Exposure to a holistic experience gives opportunity for the learner to achieve all aspects of the domains of professional and ethical practice, care delivery, care management and personal and professional development, (NMC, 2004). Assessments may be made by anyone with the clinical placement which could involve the multi-disciplinary team, patients, peers as well as the learners’ self- assessment through reflection, (Gopee 2008:p135). The NMC (2008b) recognise that working with the inter-professional team can offer opportunity for the learner in the formative episodes of assessment. Neary (2000 p474) points out that, skilled practitioners in the clinical setting are dealing with intended and unexpected situations, which will enhance learning and provide opportunity for formative assessment. This illustrates what Quinn and Hughes (2007;p346) describe as an ‘effective’ learning environment in order to develop learning and foster behaviour where the learner may make the most of opportunities for learning and critical judgement. Direct observation is the assessment in which the NMC (2008a) identifies as greater evidence of competency. A formal assessment strategy for direct observation, which is utilised in this author’s clinical setting, is the use of a performance criteria, often Trust wide guidelines and policy, which is a list actions to be demonstrated based on knowledge and skills attained from theory which is evidence based from research and may come from organisations such as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence and the Institute for Innovation and Improvement, (Gopee 2008a: p 106-107). When assessing students, it is important to establish four key areas (Hinchliffe, 2009); knowledge skills, performance and motivation. Checklists or performance criteria can service as a useful tool in establishing a level of observational assessment, Quinn ad Hughes (2007). Cassidy (2009 p46) documented that this performance is a list of behaviours which the learner can demonstrate but it does not indicate how well that behaviour was demonstrated. However, this method of using a set criteria to reference against offers, an opportunity to ensure consistency in the mentor’s assessing role in alignment with other mentors’ consistency, otherwise defined by Goppee (2008) as ‘intra- and inter-mentor reliability. Another assessment strategy partly adopted in my own clinical setting is that of continuous assessment. The use of continuous assessment gives the mentor an opportunity to make a cumulative judgement of the learner’s progress and level of knowledge and competence, (Gopee 2008 p40). Neary (2002 p473) suggests that continuous assessment allows the dynamism in the behaviour of the learner in any given situation which may be expected or unexpected. However, Price (2007 p41) suggests that continuous assessment does have its limitations with regards to validity and reliability for numerous reasons including; stress and anxiety for the learner; they may feel that they are constantly being scrutinised by patients, family, relatives and other professionals within the clinical placement. Additionally, Price (2007) notes that at the summative stage of assessment and through the accumulation of information, could influence the assessor to ‘average out’ the learners’ performance leading to an allowance made for weaker performance. To some extent, this author suggests that this strategy of assessment is utilised because the assessor’s role is balanced with dealing with every day duties such as care management and care delivery or liaising with the multi-disciplinary team. However, caution should be taken as this use of assessment may leave the learners’ time fractured and not a priority, (Rutowski, 2007 p40). Indeed, the high demands on day to day role of the assessor nurse was finding by Phillips et al (2000) study which determined that time factor was a dilemma in the assessor making valid or reliable assessments. Another dimension of continuous assessment is self-assessment by the learner. This is what Gopee (2008:p135) suggests is one of the most valuable forms of assessment at the formative stage of learning as it may include informal learning as well as formal learning through the use of reflective diaries. However, while it is recognised as an important part of assessment, Fordham (2005) suggests that the learner may exaggerate or manipulate their evidence of learning which may go unchallenged, especially by a novice mentor, therefore rendering the learning as unreliable. In Neary’s (2000) study, it concluded with a suggestion to a new approach to assessing clinical competence through utilising what she describes as ‘Responsive Assessment’ which offers the learner and mentor opportunity to identify competency through written reports of assessment and judgement within the situational context. This same study suggests that may incorporate views and opinions from other service users including patients and help the assessor and learner identify current learning, acknowledge necessary adjustments and stimulate reflection to aid future learning. From this study, Neary (2000), established that the participating 80 assessors preferred this approach, as it gave flexibility and enabled them to report learning alongside the pre-set academic objectives. This might suggest that this form of assessment might provide support for effective evaluation of learning assessment and judgement. An important aspect of assessment is regular feedback which needs to be organised by the mentor on a regular basis in order to discuss with the learner the outcomes of pre-planned opportunities of learning, discuss situational learning and reflection retrospectively, discuss the learners’ commitment and self-assessment in order to ensure validity of the assessment process, (Wallace 2003). This will also facilitate an opportunity to discuss limitations and remedies such as the difference in aborting assessment as opposed to failing an assessment or whereby it has been identified that the placement has a lack of capacity for certain assessment which can be remedied by arranging with practice educators for clinical experience elsewhere to fulfil this gap, (Price 2007 p41). Failure to discuss and evaluate learning on a regular basis could ultimately result in problems for the learner not being addressed early enough in the placement resulting in mentors’ giving the student the benefit of doubt in certain situations, (Duffy, 2004). The benefactors of competent mentorship are everyone. Government benefits from improved patient care with improved outcomes. The nursing profession benefits as continuity and quality of care is ensured through sound practice founded through supportive and evidence-based learning, thus promoting a better image and greater emphasis on trust. Patients and their families benefit as the mentored nurse provides the best possible care and treatment ensuring best possible outcomes. Achieving standardised, high quality practitioner in student mentoring has long been a priority for the NMC and will continue to do so.